- What was the capital city of the Byzantine Empire?
- Constantinople
- Who was the first Christian Roman Emperor and the founder of Constantinople?
- Constantine
- What was the official language of the Byzantine Empire?
- Greek
- What was the name of the law code created under Emperor Justinian I that influenced later legal systems?
- Justinian Code
- What is the term for the religious split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church?
- Schism
- Who was the Byzantine scholar known for his encyclopedic work “Historia Naturalis”?
- Pliny
- What was the name of the fortified walls that protected Constantinople from invasions?
- Theodosian Walls
- What was the name of the Byzantine secret weapon, a combustible mixture used in warfare?
- Greek Fire
- Which emperor ordered the construction of the Hagia Sophia, a famous Byzantine cathedral?
- Justinian I
- What is the term for the ruler of the Byzantine Empire?
- Emperor
- Who was the Byzantine general who became emperor and reconquered former Western Roman territories?
- Belisarius
- What was the iconoclast controversy in the Byzantine Empire centered around?
- Religious icons
- What was the theme system in the Byzantine Empire used for?
- Provincial administration
- Who was the last Byzantine Emperor who died during the fall of Constantinople in 1453?
- Constantine XI
- What term describes the period of Byzantine history marked by cultural flourishing and scholarly activity?
- Byzantine Renaissance
- What is the term for a religious image, often a portrait of a saint, used in Byzantine Christianity?
- Icon
- What famous Byzantine scholar is known for his works on mathematics, “Elements,” and “Elements of Music”?
- Euclid
- What was the name of the plague that ravaged the Byzantine Empire in the 6th and 7th centuries?
- Justinian Plague
- What is the term for the division of the Byzantine Empire into smaller administrative regions?
- Themes
- Which Byzantine Emperor is known for his construction of the Theodosian Walls to protect Constantinople?
- Theodosius II
- What is the term for the Eastern Roman Empire, which continued after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
- Byzantine Empire
- What was the official religion of the Byzantine Empire?
- Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)
- What was the name of the Byzantine Emperor who ordered the construction of the Hagia Sophia?
- Justinian I
- What is the term for the elite Byzantine troops who served as the emperor’s bodyguards?
- Varangian Guard
- Who was the Byzantine historian known for his work “The Secret History”?
- Procopius
- What is the term for the council held in 787 to address the use of religious icons in the Byzantine Church?
- Second Council of Nicaea
- What was the term for the official state church of the Byzantine Empire?
- Eastern Orthodox Church
- What Byzantine general was known for his successful campaigns against the Sassanid Empire and the Avars?
- Heraclius
- What was the name of the Byzantine military unit composed of foreign warriors, often Scandinavians?
- Varangian Guard
- What was the name of the theological controversy in the Byzantine Empire over the nature of Christ?
- Monophysitism
- What is the term for the period of Byzantine history characterized by the decline of the empire?
- Byzantine Decline
- Who was the Byzantine Emperor who authored the Corpus Juris Civilis, a collection of Roman laws?
- Justinian I
- What was the term for the Byzantine emperors who ruled the Eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
- Eastern Roman Emperors
- What is the term for the Eastern Orthodox liturgical language of the Byzantine Church?
- Church Slavonic
- What is the term for the powerful Byzantine officials who served as civil administrators and tax collectors?
- Logothetes
- What was the Byzantine system of land ownership and taxation that led to the decline of small landholders?
- Pronoia
- What is the term for the eastern part of the Roman Empire that continued after the western part’s fall?
- Eastern Roman Empire
- Who was the Byzantine Emperor who ruled from 527 to 565 and initiated the Corpus Juris Civilis?
- Justinian I
- What is the term for the high-ranking Byzantine official responsible for the emperor’s finances?
- Logothete
- What was the name of the fortress city in Anatolia that became the last stronghold of the Byzantine Empire?
- Trebizond
- What is the term for the schism between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church?
- East-West Schism
- What was the name of the Byzantine Emperor known for his codification of Roman laws?
- Justinian I
- What is the term for the mosaic artwork often found in Byzantine churches?
- Mosaics
- What was the nickname for the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos?
- Alexios the Great
- What is the term for the taxation system in the Byzantine Empire that allowed the state to collect taxes in advance?
- Pronoia
- What was the term for the Byzantine officials responsible for the emperor’s treasury and finances?
- Logothetes
- Who was the Byzantine Emperor responsible for the expansion of the Byzantine Empire in the 10th century?
- Basil II
- What is the term for the practice of using religious images or icons in the Eastern Orthodox Church?
- Iconography
- What was the name of the Byzantine Emperor who codified Roman laws in the Justinian Code?
- Justinian I
- What is the term for the religious split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church?
- Schism
