- What was the capital city of the Roman Empire?
- Rome
- Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?
- Augustus
- What famous structure in Rome served as a gladiatorial arena and hosted various events?
- Colosseum
- What is the term for the system of Roman government with three leaders serving simultaneously?
- Triumvirate
- Who was the Roman general who famously crossed the Rubicon River, starting a civil war?
- Julius Caesar
- What was the code of laws established in the Roman Empire, known for its principle of “innocent until proven guilty”?
- Twelve Tables
- What was the period of Roman peace and stability that began with Augustus?
- Pax Romana
- Who was the Roman emperor responsible for dividing the empire into Eastern and Western halves?
- Diocletian
- What is the term for the extensive network of roads that facilitated trade and communication in the Roman Empire?
- Roman roads
- What year is traditionally considered the founding of Rome?
- 753 BC
- Who was the Roman philosopher and statesman known for his essays and letters?
- Seneca
- What was the name of the elite Roman soldiers who served as the emperor’s personal bodyguards?
- Praetorians
- Who was the Roman emperor responsible for adopting Christianity as the empire’s official religion?
- Constantine
- What is the name of the famous Roman aqueduct that supplied water to the city of Rome?
- Aqua Claudia
- What is the term for the common people of Rome, distinct from the patrician class?
- Plebeians
- Who was the Roman general and dictator who declared himself “dictator for life,” leading to his assassination?
- Julius Caesar
- What is the term for the public meeting place in ancient Rome, similar to a city square?
- Forum
- What was the name of the conflict between the Roman Republic and the city-state of Carthage?
- Punic Wars
- Who was the Roman general known for his conquest of Gaul and his rivalry with Pompey?
- Julius Caesar
- What is the term for the ancient Roman practice of public entertainment, including chariot races and gladiator contests?
- Roman games
- What was the famous speech by Cicero against the conspirator Catiline called?
- Catiline Orations
- Who was the Roman poet known for his epic poem “The Aeneid”?
- Virgil
- What is the term for the period in Roman history marked by political instability and civil wars?
- Crisis of the Third Century
- What was the Roman forum’s central and most important temple, dedicated to the goddess Vesta?
- Temple of Vesta
- Who was the Roman general who famously said “I came, I saw, I conquered” after a swift victory?
- Julius Caesar
- What is the term for the practice of deifying deceased Roman emperors?
- Apotheosis
- What was the name of the Roman gladiator who led a slave revolt against the Roman Republic?
- Spartacus
- What is the term for the Roman practice of granting honorary citizenship to non-Romans?
- Roman citizenship
- Who was the Roman emperor known for his extensive building projects, including the Pantheon?
- Hadrian
- What was the name of the massive wall built in northern England by the Romans to defend against Scottish tribes?
- Hadrian’s Wall
- Who was the Roman philosopher and tutor of Nero, known for his “Stoic” philosophy?
- Seneca
- What is the term for the specialized Roman gladiators who fought with nets and tridents?
- Retiarii
- Who was the first Roman emperor to be assassinated, ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty?
- Caligula
- What is the term for the Latin phrase meaning “Senate and People of Rome,” often abbreviated as SPQR?
- Senatus Populusque Romanus
- Who was the Roman general who crossed the Rubicon River, leading to civil war and his rise to power?
- Julius Caesar
- What is the term for the Roman social class of wealthy landowners and nobles?
- Patricians
- What was the name of the Roman dictator who was assassinated on the Ides of March in 44 BC?
- Julius Caesar
- What is the term for the large open space in the center of a Roman city used for public activities?
- Forum
- Who was the Roman philosopher and statesman known for his essays and letters?
- Seneca
- What is the name of the Roman emperor known for his construction of the famous wall in northern Britain?
- Hadrian
- Who was the Roman general and statesman who formed the First Triumvirate with Caesar and Crassus?
- Pompey
- What is the term for the Roman social class of common citizens, distinct from the nobility?
- Plebeians
- What was the name of the extensive network of Roman fortifications and walls built to protect the empire’s northern borders?
- Limes
- Who was the Roman emperor known for constructing the colossal statue of himself called the Colossus of Nero?
- Nero
- What is the term for the public meetings in Rome where citizens voted and discussed political matters?
- Assemblies
- Who was the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity and issue the Edict of Milan?
- Constantine
- What was the name of the famous Roman general who conquered Egypt and was later named dictator for life?
- Julius Caesar
- What is the term for the practice of deifying deceased Roman emperors?
- Apotheosis
- What was the name of the massive wall built in northern England by the Romans to defend against Scottish tribes?
- Hadrian’s Wall
- What is the term for the Roman practice of granting honorary citizenship to non-Romans?
- Roman citizenship
